19th Century Taiwan

1805 - Pirate Chu Feng (朱濆) attacks Tamshui landed and invaded as far as Su-ao (蘇澳) by 1807.
1806 - Conflict between the Ch'uan-chous and the Chang-chous continues several months.
1809 - Pirate Chu Feng is surrounded by the Qing navy and commits suicide.
1817 - Tamshui Government sets up a Confucian school in Hsin-chu.
1823 - Revolt by Lin Yung-ch'un (林永春).
1838 - The British enter Tamshui to trade.
1841 - English vessel comes to Keelung Harbor. More than 400 people on board are killed or taken hostage.
1853 - The Ch'uan-chous were hostile. The Chang-chous opened Ta-tao-ch'eng (大稻埕) in Taipei.

Source: blog.accupass.com

1854 - Part of Commodore Perry's fleet landed to survey coal.
1858 - Treaty of Tianjin was signed; Taiwan was forced to open its ports.
1860 - Convention of Peking was signed; ports of Tamshui and An-p'ing were opened
1862 - Tai Ch'ao-ch'un rose in revolt against the Qing.
1867 - The Rover (an American vessel) Incident broke out.
1868 - A British attempted to settle in the eastern area. British vessels attack An-p'ing.
1871 - Mu-tan Incident: 54 shipwrecked Ryukyuan sailors killed by Paiwan indigenes.
Qing government rejected the compensation demand from Japanese Government. The Qing commented: "This place is not under jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty."

Source: Wikipedia

1874 - Japan sent punitive expedition of 6000 soldiers to Taiwan in retribution for Mu-tan Incident.
1875 - Taiwan was divided into two prefectures, north and south. Bans lifted, emigration from the mainland to Taiwan encouraged. Development of eastern Taiwan promoted.
1876 - The British began mining coal in Pa-tu-tzu.
1884 - Keelung and Tamshui harbors were blockaded by the French Navy during the Sino-French War. The French occupied Penghu.
1885 - The Sino-French War ended; the French troops retreated.
Taiwan Province was separated from Fu-chien Province. Liu Ming-ch'uan (劉銘傳) was appointed the first governor.
1886 - Bureaus for tax, telegraph, tea and mine were set up.
1887 - The government began building railways.
1888 - Postal system was established.
1891 - Liu Ming-ch'uan resigned; his successor reorganized the system.
1894 - Sino-Japanese war broke out.
1895
          April 17 - Qing China signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki ceding Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan after being defeated by the Japanese Navy.

Source: Wikipedia

          May 25 - Pro-Qing officials declared the Republic of Formosa in an attempt to resist the arrival of the Japanese. T'ang Ching-sung (唐景崧) was named president.
          May 29 - Japanese forces landed in Taiwan.
          June 4 - T'ang Ching-sung fled to China.
          June 17 - Office of Governor-General of Taiwan opened; first phase of anti-Japanese movement terminated.

1896 - January 1 - Shizangan (芝山巖) Incident: six Japanese academic officials died on duty.

1897 - May 8 - Last day of two-year "grace period" under the Treaty of Shimonoseki (totally 6397 people chose to move to mainland).

1898 - Fourth Governor-General to Taiwan Kodama Gentaro (兒玉源太郎) arrived. He appointed Gotoh Shinpei a Civil Governor.

Source: Wikipedia 

1899 - The Bank of Taiwan established to encourage Japanese investment in Taiwan. Taiwan yen was issued by the Bank of Taiwan with an exchange ratio on par with the Japanese yen.
The Taipei Medical School was established.
Taipei tap water and sewerage systems completed.
Railway construction started to directly link Keelung (基隆) to Kaohsiung (高雄).